Oil burner



I Oct. 13, 1.936. G 5. RUSSELL 7 2,057,539

OIL BURNER Original Filed Sept. 7, 1935 Patented Oct. 13, 1936 UNITED STATES FATENT QFFICE Application September '7, 1933, Serial No. 688,501 Renewed March 18, 1936 11 Claims.

This invention relates to spray nozzles and more particularly to that type used in connection with liquid fuel burners.

One of the principal objects of my invention is the provision of a spray nozzle equipped with means for finely atomizing the fuel particles under very low pressure.

Another object of my invention is the provision of a spray nozzle equipped with means adapted to supply the proper amount of fuel, at low pressure, to small fire boxes or combustion chambers.

Still another object of my invention is the provision of a spray nozzle equipped with means for automatically cleaning the various passages of foreign matter, thus preventing clogging or stoppage of the fuel flow.

A further object of my invention is the provision of a spray nozzle constructed in a manner to adjust and control the amount of fuel ejected.

A still further object is the provision of a nozzle structure wherein the manner of circulating or feeding the fuel into the nozzle serves to cool the device and prevent carbonizing of the various parts.

Other objects and advantages, such as economical operation, manufacturing costs and simplicity of construction will be apparent from the following specification, and annexed drawing.

I am aware that various improvements have been made for the atomization of fuel, gases or like within the nozzle structure of oil burners to prevent the so-called dribbling, seeping or the like, examples of which are set forth in the patents to J. M. Seymour, Jr., 1,416,424; J. H. Gray 1,696,196; J. 0. Fisher, 1,252,254., and others.

However, these devices are only capable of efiicient satisfactory and economical operation when used in connection with furnaces, boilers, and the like equipped with large combustion chambers where the fuel is under high pressure, for instance, above eighty pounds. Devices of this character when used in connection with the small combustion chambers such as found in household heaters or stoves are not capable of being adjusted to a low pressure fuel feed, for instance, from 25 to lbs. which is required for efiicient operation.

Under these conditions, it can be readily understood, that proper combustion is not obtained and also a great waste of fuel takes place, the minimum amount used in devices of this character being something in excess of one gallon per hour.

I overcome these objectionable features in my invention by providing my structure with means for finely atomizing the fuel within the nozzle under low pressure and providing means for governing the amount of fuel ejected, which may be less than one pint per hour.

Thus it can be understood that not only great saving is had in fuel, but a proper combustion is effected which produces a result heretofore not obtainable in devices of this character when applied to small combustion chambers or fire boxes in household stoves or heaters.

Referring to the drawing forming a part of this specification, in which like numerals designate like parts in all the views:-

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation of an oil burner system showing my invention associated therewith;

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the nozzle structure;

Figure 3 is a cross section on the line 3-3 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is an inside view of the end cap;

Figure 5 is a detail perspective view of one end of the nozzle with the cap removed; and

Figure 6 is an end elevation of a modified form with the cap removed.

As illustrated in the drawing (Figure 1) a typical oil burner system 9 is provided which consists of a fuel supply tank l9 connected by means of a pipe I l to the feed pump I 2. A suitable motor l3 operates the pump I2 which is connected to my nozzle structure I by means of a fuel supply pipe l5. A return fuel pipe l6 connects the nozzle structure it and the fuel supply tank Ill.

My fuel nozzle structure is provided with an elongated portion or body I! to which is secured, at one end, the feed and return pipes l5 and I6 respectively. The other end is threaded as at 8 and adapted to receive the threaded cap IS. A portion of the face of this threaded end is reduced below the base of the threads as at 20 whereby the inner surface 2! of the cap l9 abuts the face Zia of the body I! in a manner to prevent leakage of any fuel between the various channels formed in this face and hereinafter referred to.

Longitudinal passages are formed in the body I! and constitute fuel supply and return passages 22 and 23 respectively, which are arranged to connect with the pipes l5 and Hi.

The face 2la of the body H is provided with an arcuate channel 24, extending partially around the face and connects with the supply passage 22. A central concentric recess 25 is formed therein and connects with the return passage 23. Tangentially arranged passages 26 connect the channel 24 and recess 25.

The cap l9 is provided with a recess 2'! formed in the face 2i and has a spray orifice 28 arranged centrally within the recess 21 and oppositely disposed to the opening of the return passage 23, through which orifice fuel is ejected into a combustion chamber. When the cap i9 is properly secured to the body H, the recesses 21 and 25 formed in the faces 2! and 2 la respectively, form a chamber 29 in which the fuel is rotated for the purpose hereinafter set forth.

The supply and return pipes I 5 and I6 are provided with valves 3!] and 3! respectively and which may be of the sylphon type if desired for controlling the fuel in a manner hereinafter described.

The operation of the invention as disclosed is as follows:-

The pump I2 being in operation, fuel, such as oil or any suitable liquid, will be circulated through the supply pipe l5 and supply passage 22 to the arcuate channel 24, thence by means of the tangentially arranged passages 26 into the chamber 29, a portion being ejected through the orifice 28 and the balance returned to the supply tank through passage 23 and pipe Iii.

This arrangementof the passages 25 is such that the fuel is rotated, gyrated, or circulated at very high speed, even under low pressure, within the chamber 29. This treatment of the fuel serves to atomize the same into very fine particles for ejection through the spray orifice 28.

It will be noted that the channel 24, passages 26 and spray orifice 28 are smaller in cross sectional area than are the lead and return openings and as a consequence, the speed of the fuel will be greatly increased, and therefore, the velocity of the fuel in the chamber 29. will also be greatly increased.

The fuel, of course, is circulating in a closed system, the valves 30 and 3| having been adjusted for that purpose.

The opening of the return passage 23 being directly opposite to the orifice 28 permits of a greater atomization of the fuel in the chamber 29. This is due to the fact that the orifice will direct the spray in a direction to cause its reaction with the atmospheric pressure to urge the fuel within the chamber to greater speed through the return passage 23.

The volume and degree of atomization of the fuel ejected is controlled by the valves 30 and 3|. The valve 30 is adjusted to permit a desired amount of fuel under pressure to circulate through the system and a certain amount is as a consequence ejected through the orifice. Should the amount ejected by the orifice be too great or too small, the valve 3! is then adjusted which governs the speed of rotation of the fuel within the chamber 29. Thus, it will be understood that the manipulation of the valve 3! permits of a very fine adjustment in respect to the flow volume anddegree of atomization of the fuel used so as to assure of proper combustion within a fire box.

The flow of fuel through the passages and the chamber tends to keep the nozzle cool when in operation and serves to prevent carbonizing of the various parts.

From the foregoing it can be readily understood that due to the arrangement and formation of the parts and the speed of rotation of the fuel Within the chamber 29, the fuel is very finely atomized under a much lower pressure than heretofore obtained with the resultant efilcient and economical operation.

Figure 6 illustrates a modified form in which.

the arcuate channel, heretofore described, may be formed continuously in the end face of nozzle If.

It is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be had in the construction and arrangement of parts without departing from the spirit of the invention or scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:-

1. A fuel nozzle structure comprising a body having inlet and outlet passages and provided with a surface equipped with an arcuate channel communicating with said inlet passage, said surface provided with a recess communicating with said outlet passage and tangentially arranged passages which connect said channel and said recess, and a cap for enclosing said surface and provided with a recess opposed to said body recess, said cap having a spray orifice and cooperating with said body recess to form a chamber whereby fuel tangentially introduced into said chamber will rotate in a manner to finely atomize the same and admit of escape of a portion thereof through said spray orifice.

2. A liquid fuel burner structure comprising a nozzle portion equipped with inlet and outlet passages and having an enclosed surface provided with a chamber, means connecting said passages through said chamber in a manner to rotate fuel around the outlet passage and admit a portion of the fuel to a combustion chamber; valve means for governing the supply of fuel through said inlet passage and a second valve means insaid outlet passage and cooperating with said first-mentioned valve means for adjusting the flow ve locity of said fuel in said passages and within said chamber.

3. A liquid fuel burner comprising an elongated integral body having substantially parallel inletand outlet passages therein, the latter extending axially therethrough, one end of said body providing an arcuate substantially semi-circular surface channel into which said inlet passage opens approximately midway between the channel ends, said body end also providing a substantially concentric and substantially circular surface. recess, inwardly of said channel and into which said outlet passage opens, surface grooves connecting the ends of said arcuate passage with said recess and substantially tangentially to the recess whereby tocause rapid whirling movement of thefuel in the recess, a removable closure cap abutting the, end of said body for closing the open sides of said channel grooves, and recess, and said closure cap having a fuel escape orifice substantially aligned with said outlet passage and approximately concentric with said recess.

4. A liquid fuel burner comprising an elongated integral body having substantially parallel inlet and outlet passages therein, the latter extending of the fuel in the recess, a removable closure cap abutting the end of said body for closing the open sides of said channel, grooves and recess, and said closure cap having a fuel escape orifice substantially aligned with said outlet passage and approximately concentric with said recess.

5. A liquid fuelburner comprising an elongated integral body having substantially parallelinlet and outlet passages therein, the latter extending axially therethrough, one end of said body providing an arcuate channel intowhic h said inlet passage opens, said body end also providing a substantially concentric and substantially circular surface recess inwardly of said channel and into which said outlet passage opens, surface grooves connecting said arcuate passage with said recess and substantially tangentially to the recess whereby to cause rapid whirling movement of the fuel in the recess, a removable closure cap abutting the end of said body for closing the open sides of said channel, grooves, and recess, said closure cap having a fuel escape orifice substantially aligned with said outlet passage and approximately concentric with said recess, and the cross sectional area of each of said inlet and outlet passages throughout their entire length being greater than the cross sectional area at any point of said channel and greater than at any point of each of said surface grooves.

6. A liquid fuel burner comprising an elongated integral body having substantially parallel inlet and outlet passages therein, the latter extending axially therethrough, one end of said body providing an arcuate substantially semi-circular surface channel into which said inlet passage opens approximately midway between the channel ends, said body end also providing a substantially concentric and substantially circular surface recess inwardly of said channel and into which said outlet passage opens, surface grooves connecting the ends of said arcuate passage with said recess and substantially tangentially to the recess whereby to cause rapid whirling movement of the fuel in the recess, a removable closure cap abutting the end of said body for closing the open sides of said channel, grooves, and recess, said closure cap having a fuel escape orifice substantially aligned with said outlet passage and approximately concentric with said recess, the crosssectional area of each of said inlet and outlet passages throughout their entire length being greater than the cross-sectional area at any point of said channel and greater than at any point of each of said surface grooves, said cap having a recess opposed to and registering with said body recess, and the opposed walls of said cap and body recesses being substantially plane, parallel with one another and perpendicular to the axis of the body.

7. A fuel nozzle structure comprising a. body having inlet and outlet passages and provided with a surface equipped with an arcuate channel communicating with said inlet passage, said surface provided with a recess communicating with said outlet passage and at least one tangentially arranged passage which connects said channel and said recess, and a cap for enclosing said surface and provided with a recess opposed to said body recess, said cap having a spray orifice and cooperating with said body recess to form a chamber whereby fuel tangentially introduced into said chamber will rotate in a manner to finely atomize the same and admit of the escape of a portion thereof through said spray orifice.

8. A liquid fuel burner comprising an elongated integral body having substantially parallel inlet and outlet passages therein, the latter extending axially therethrough, one end of said body providing an arcuate substantially semicircular surface channel into which said inlet passage opens approximately midway between the channel ends,

said'bodybnd' also providing a substantially circular surface recess inwardly of said channel-and into which said outlet passage opens, at least one surface groove connecting at least one end of said arcuate passage with said recess and substantially tangentially to the recess whereby to cause rapid whirling movement of the fuel in the recess, a removable closure cap abutting the end of said body for closing the open sides of said channel, groove, and recess, and said closure cap having a fuel escape orifice substantially aligned with said outlet passage and substantially concentric with said recess.

9. A liquid fuel burner comprising an elongated integral body having substantially parallel inlet and outlet passages therein, the latter extending axially therethrough, one end of said body providing an arcuate channel into which said inlet passage opens, said body end also providing a substantially concentric and substantially circular surface recess inwardly of said channel and into which said outlet passage opens, at least one surface groove connecting said arcuate passage with said recess, and substantially tangentially to the recess whereby to cause rapid whirling movement of the fuel in the recess, a removable closure cap abutting the end of said body for closing the open sides of said channel, groove, and recess, and said closure cap having a fuel escape orifice substantially aligned with said outlet passage and approximately concentric with said recess.

10. A liquid fuel burner comprising an elongated integral body having substantially parallel inlet and outlet passages therein, the latter extending axially therethrough, one end of said body providing an arcuate channel into which said inlet passage opens, said body end also providing a substantially concentric and substantially circular surface recess inwardly of said channel and into which said outlet passage opens, at least one surface groove connecting said arcuate passage with said recess and substantially tangentially to the recess whereby to cause rapid whirling movement of the fuel in the recess, a removable closure cap abutting the end of said body for closing the open sides of said channel, groove, and recess, said closure cap having a fuel escape orifice substantially aligned with said outlet passage and approximately concentric with said recess, and the cross sectional area of each of said inlet and outlet passages throughout their entire length being greater than the cross sectional area of said channel at any point thereof and greater than that of said surface groove at any point along the length thereof.

11. A liquid fuel burner comprising an elongated integral body having substantially parallel inlet and outlet passages therein, the latter extending axially therethrough, one end of said body providing an arcuate and substantially semicircular surface channel into which said inlet passage opens, approximately midway between the channel ends, said body end providing also a substantially concentric and substantially circular surface recess inwardly of said channel and into which said outlet passage opens, at least one surface groove connecting at least one of the ends of said arcuate passage with said recess and substantially tangentially to the recess whereby to cause rapid whirling movement of the fuel in the recess, a removable closure cap abutting the end of said body for closing the open sides of said channel, groove, and recess, said closure cap having a fuel escape orifice substantially aligned with said outlet passage and approximately concentric with said recess, the cross sectional area of each of said inlet and outlet passages throughout their entire length being greater than the cross sectional area of said channel at any point thereof and greater than that of said surface groove at any point thereof, said cap having a recess opposed to and registering with said body recess, and the oposed walls of said cap and body recess being substantially plane, parallel with one another, and perpendicular to the axis of the body. 5

GABRIEL B. RUSSELL. 

